Search results for "Equality of opportunity"
showing 10 items of 10 documents
Iespēju vienlīdzība un ekonomikas izaugsme: gadījumu izpēte Eiropā
2021
Attīstoties filozofijai, sociālo zinātņu teorijai un ekonomikai, rezultātu vienlīdzību nomainīja iespēju vienlīdzība uzmanības centrā. Kaut arī Kuzņeca līkne nav dzelzs likums, nav pintes, lai to pārbaudītu, tā tomēr mums dod zināmu informāciju, kura atspoguļo to, cik " veselīga " ir mūsu attīstība. Šī maģistra darba mērķis ir izpētīt ekonomiskās izaugsmes ietekmi no iespēju egalitārisma viedokļa. Šī darba galvenā hipotēze ir sekojoša: “Ekonomiskā izaugsme nelabvēlīgi ietekmē iespēju vienlīdzību attīstītajās valstīs noteiktā periodā.” Runājot par iespēju vienlīdzības novērtējumu, šajā rakstā ir izmantots Iespēju indeksa modelis. IKP uz vienu iedzīvotāju tiek uzskatīts par mainīgo, lai ats…
BEHIND THE ATKINSON INDEX: MEASURING EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY IN HEALTH
2009
This paper proposes a new approach to the measurement of equality of opportunity in health, based on the path independent Atkinson index of equality. The proposed decomposition is applied both to the ex-ante and the ex-post methodologies recently adopted by the literature. The approach is applied to the measurement of equality of opportunity in health using ten waves of the British Household Panel Survey. Results confirm that socioeconomic background is an important factor determining individual health in adulthood while the incidence of equality of opportunity is around one third of the overall equality according to a substantial stable pattern over years. Our findings also depict that dif…
Measuring equity in health: a normative decomposition
2011
This paper proposes a new approach to the measurement of equality of opportunity in health, based on the path independent Atkinson index of equality. The proposed decomposition is applied both to the ex-ante and the ex-post methodologies recently adopted by the literature. The approach is applied to the measurement of equality of opportunity in health using ten waves of the British Household Panel Survey. Results confirm that socioeconomic background is an important factor determining individual health in adulthood while the incidence of equality of opportunity is around one third of the overall equality according to a substantial stable pattern over years. Our findings also depict that dif…
Ex-ante and ex-post measurement of equality of opportunity in health: a normative decomposition.
2011
This paper proposes and discusses two different approaches to the definition of inequality in health: the ex-ante and the ex-post approach. It proposes strategies for measuring inequality of opportunity in health based on the path-independent Atkinson equality index. The proposed methodology is illustrated using data from the British Household Panel Survey; the results suggest that in the period 2000–2005, at least one-third of the observed health equalities in the UK were equalities of opportunity.
The legal origin of income inequality
2014
The legal origin movement is implicitly functionalist, while it explicitly prioritizes economic dimensions of development. From this perspective, the empirical findings presented in this paper seem to uncover the existence of a paradox. On the one hand, common law countries are apparently characterized by countless advantages, yet they do not grow faster than civil law countries. On the other hand, common law countries present a more unequal distribution of income, thus suggesting that also from a static perspective there is no a priori reason to prefer a common law system. To further investigate this paradox, we analyze if common law countries are at least characterized by a better kind (e…
Achieving universal primary education by 2015 - a chance for every child
2003
03046http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/09/06/000094946_03082204005065/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf; A number of countries committed themselves to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), aimed at eradicating extreme poverty, and improving the welfare of people by the year 2015. The book assesses whether universal primary education can be achieved by 2015. The study focuses on the largest low-income countries that are furthest from the goal, home to about seventy five percent of the children out of school globally. By analyzing education policies, and financing patterns in relatively high-performing countries, the study identifies a new policy, and financing f…
An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Perceived Inequality
2017
Perception of inequality is important for the analysis of individuals' motivations and decisions and for policy assessment. Despite the broad range of analytic gains that it grants, our knowledge about measurement and determinants of perception of inequality is still limited, since it is intrinsically unobservable, multidimensional, and essentially contested. Using a novel econometric approach, we study how observable individual characteristics affect the joint distribution of a set of indicators of perceived inequality in specific domains. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme, we shed light on the associations among these indicators and how they are affected by covaria…
Rising Educational Attainment and Opportunity Equalization: Evidence from France
2020
Educational policies are widely recognized as the means par excellence to equalize opportunities among children with different social and family backgrounds and to promote intergenerational mobility. In this chapter, we focus on the French case and we apply the opportunity equalization criterion proposed by Andreoli, Havnes, and Lefranc (2019) for evaluating the effect of rising compulsory schooling requirements in secondary education. Our results show that such education expansion has a limited redistributive effect on students’ earnings distribution. Nonetheless, we provide evidence of opportunity equalization among groups of students defined by family background circumstances.
Empirical definition of social types in the analysis of inequality of opportunity: a latent classes approach
2014
The empirical analysis of inequality of opportunity centres on disparities between social types, defined by the exposure to circumstances beyond individual control. Despite this, its main theoretical foundation—the Roemer model—does not indicate how to carry out, in practice, the required partition of the population into such types. This paper operationalises this definition of social types using a latent classes approach. Our specification is embedded in a probabilistic extension of the canonical Roemer model, which assumes that the relevant population consists of a finite number of latent types, from which each individual can be treated as a random draw. This makes possible the use of the…
L’économie de la santé : inégalités, prévention et offre de soins
2010
À partir d’une sélection des communications présentées lors des 31e Journées des économistes de la santé français à Rennes en décembre 2009, ce numéro spécial, coordonné par le Collège des Économistes de la Santé, présente des travaux originaux en économie de la santé. Comme à l’accoutumée, la revue Économie Publique - Public économies propose trois rubriques (« Panorama », « Dossier » et « Recherches »). Alain Trannoy (Ehess, Greqam-Idep) offre au lecteur tout d’abord un véritable « panorama...